For treatment of tongue and oral cavity cancers, please see the Cancer section above.

Non-malignant tongue lesions are common and can be secondary to infection, trauma and benign growths. These lesions must be thoroughly examined to ensure there are no features consistent with cancer that will require a biopsy. Surgery is sometimes required to remove benign lumps. Nutritional deficiencies such as B12, folate and iron can be associated with lumps within the oral cavity as can autoimmune conditions. Treatment will depend on the type of pathology evident and a biopsy may be required. Most benign tumours in the oral cavity can be removed through the mouth should surgery be necessary.